Considering all of the subject’s extensive knowledge, this textbook is intended to make a significant contribution to the world of Pharmacognosy learners. In addition to the traditional pharmacognosy of cultivation, collection, morphology, microscopy, taxonomy, chemical constituents, and uses of drugs of natural origin, this modern book of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry emphasizes the biodiversity of plants and includes a brief introduction to pharmacognosy as a field for those who are first time readers of the subject. A unique characteristic of the book is that it provides extra benefits to the reader owing to the simple writing style that it employs. The book is organized into five chapters, each with various headings and subheadings. Each chapter is designed with the intention of providing academicians and researchers with a suitable grounding in the particular issue. The fourth chapter focuses on the role of Pharmacognosy in many medical systems, including Ayurveda, allopathy, siddha, homoeopathy, unani, and Chinese medicine. The book’s goal is entirely realized by the systematic assembly of well-written chapters with crisp and clean well-labeled pictures when applicable. This book is primarily meant to give a kind of book that is necessary for undergraduate, postgraduate, and researchers all at once.