The book begins with a discussion of medicinal plants and traditional medical practices and then moves on to a discussion of medicinal botany, which includes the plant taxonomy and morphological aspects of crude pharmaceuticals. It provides in-depth information on the many systems of medicine used in India, as well as information on herbal treatments, crude pharmaceuticals, and medicinal botany. Excavation, isolation, and analysis of crude pharmaceutical drugs, as well as some of the most common current methods used, are discussed at length. These methods include thin-layer chromatography, high- performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-pressure liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and the Sepbox. This chapter delves further into the in vitro propagation of medicinal plants, their nutritional requirements and processing procedures, and the regulations for setting up an in vitro system laboratory. The book also focuses on the standardization of herbal pharmaceuticals, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), copyrighting challenges, and regulatory considerations related to herbal drugs and products, as well as their quality, security, efficacy, effectiveness, and stability. Additionally, topics such as herbal cosmetics, natural excipients, and nutraceuticals are discussed throughout the book.