This book, Sustainable Development and Environmental Challenges, provides an in-depth examination of the critical environmental issues facing our planet and the strategies necessary to achieve sustainability. It is structured into nine chapters, each addressing a fundamental aspect of sustainable development, from climate change and pollution to renewable energy and biodiversity conservation. The book begins with an introduction to the concept of sustainability, tracing its evolution and highlighting its global significance. It then moves on to discuss pressing environmental concerns such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. Strategies for mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable resource management are explored in detail, along with discussions on policy frameworks and governance mechanisms that guide environmental conservation efforts. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), illustrating their importance in shaping global and local policies. Furthermore, the book examines urban sustainability, corporate responsibility, and the role of businesses in promoting green practices. With a blend of theoretical insights and practical applications, this book is an essential guide for students, professionals, and policymakers striving to understand and implement sustainable solutions. By fostering awareness and action, it aims to contribute to the global movement towards environmental resilience and economic sustainability.