Metals and other materials like semiconductors and alloys are used in production, hence understanding and mastery of these substances is crucial to the study of the manufacturing technology. To work with the materials and make final products from them, it is essential to have a firm grasp of the material science, which is the study of material properties and how they behave in various contexts and conditions. Many of the ideas and procedures necessary for a successful career in manufacturing technology have been discussed in this book. Learning the fundamentals of machine shop often begins with basic operations like filing, boring, drilling, honing, etc., and progresses to more advanced processes requiring the use of large, multifunctional machine tools. Newer materials have been developed that are stronger than steel but substantially lighter than the same as a result of the growth of science & technology, with applications including lightweight and robust materials for spacecraft. When combined with the other fields of engineering like computers, automation, electronics, etc., this subfield of the mechanical engineering is sure to push the envelope in the years to come. Artificial intelligence (AI) and production scheduling advancements allow to better align supply chain with real consumer demand. Many factories will be able to create exactly what is required to meet consumer demand, cutting down on waste caused by overproduction owing to inaccurate forecasts.