Intellectual History & Modern Thought is an interdiscipli-nary academic text that examines the progression of human ideas and philosophies from antiquity to the twenty-first century. Structured into eight thematic chapters, the book provides an accessible yet in-depth analysis of the world’s major intellectual traditions, key thinkers, and the socio-historical contexts in which their ideas emerged. Beginning with the foundations of intellectual history and methodological approaches, the book moves chronologi-cally through classical philosophy, the Enlightenment, Romanticism, and the development of modern social theories. It further explores influential twentieth-century currents such as existentialism, psychoanalysis, and structuralism, concluding with postmodern critiques and contemporary global perspectives. The book gives equal importance to Western and non-Western traditions, including discussions on Gautam Buddha, Mahatma Gandhi, and Dr B.R. Ambedkar. Themes such as scientific rationality, secular morality, social justice, feminism, postcolonialism, and environmental ethics are thoughtfully addressed, offering a truly global and inclusive view of intellectual development. Designed primarily for Readers of philosophy, history, political science, sociology, and cultural studies, Intellectual History & Modern Thought is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. It also serves as a valuable resource for general readers interested in the history of ideas and their relevance to contemporary issues. Rich in content and critical perspective, this book not only informs but also encourages reflection on the role of ideas in shaping human experience and societal transformation.