Fundamentals of Arid Zone Ecology include a wide range of landforms, soils, animal and plant life, water balances, and human activities. It is impossible to pin down exactly what conditions qualify as “arid” because of this variation. Nevertheless, aridity itself is the common thread that ties together the world’s driest places. The degree of aridity is often quantified as a function of average annual precipitation and average annual temperature. A region is deemed to be dry when there is a significant dearth of water resources, to the point that plant and animal growth and development are hampered or prevented. Arid regions are sometimes described as xeric or desertic because of their absence of flora. Foundations of Arid Zone Ecology, including geography,physiography, and Rajasthan’s climate, are some of the primary themes covered in this book. Another is how to comprehend how deserts arise and are distributed. The book also discusses how wastelands are distributed and how plants and animals may adapt to dry environments, both of which are important in this topic. Also, we discuss the ecological effects of the Indira Gandhi Canal in this book.