Immunology, the study of the immune system, is crucial to many areas of medicine & biology. The immune system has several purposes in protecting the body. Autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and even cancer have been linked to immune system failure. Immune responses are being linked to a wide range of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s. From Edward Jenner’s work in the eighteenth century that led to the modern vaccination (likely saving more lives than any other medical advance) to many scientific breakthroughs in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that led, among other things, to the identification of blood groups, safe organ transplantation, and the now ubiquitous use of monoclonal antibodies in science, immunology has been crucial in advancing medical and scientific knowledge and practice. Studies of immunotherapy, autoimmune illnesses, and immunizations for new infections like Ebola are advancing our knowledge of how to manage major health challenges. The development of novel diagnostics and drugs for the treatment of a broad variety of illnesses has been made possible by our increased knowledge of fundamental immunology, making it crucial for clinical and commercial applications. Cutting-edge research tools like flow cytometry and antibody technology are the result of the intersection of immunology and technological advancement.